Abdul Halim (1887-1962)

K.H. Abdul Halim (born in Majalengka, West Java, June 26, 1887 - died May 17, 1962 at age 74 years) is Indonesian heroes who fought in the struggle for independence from Indonesia to defend the Dutch Military Aggression. In defending the independence of Abdul Halim based Ceremai mountains to face the Dutch Military Aggression II with a guerrilla war. He led the Dutch military deterrence in the region of Cirebon Residency. He, in order to participate in the preparation BPUPKI Indonesia's independence as a member BPUPKI. 

KHAbdul Halim was one of the nation's independence fighters who came from West Java and has a big hand in preparing for the birth of the Republic of Indonesia. Muslims leaders are adalahi members BPUPKI (Investigation Agency Efforts Independence Indonesia). On the merit of devotion as one of the founders of this Republic KH.Abdul Halim then obtain MAHAPUTERA MAJOR STARS honors from the President of the Republic of premises.
Abdul Halim was born on June 26, 1887 in the Village Sutawangi, Jatiwangi District, West Java Majalengka. He is the youngest son and Nyi Hj.Siti KH.Iskandar Mutmainnah, of seven siblings. His family background is known devout in religion, even his mother was a descendant of Sultan Sharif Hidayatullah.Therefore, it is not surprising that education concerning the Islamic religious instruction, it was acquired at an early age, and at the age of 21 years after graduation from boarding school in Majalengka in 1908, his pilgrimage to Mecca and then settled as she adds scientific insight. HalimSepulang KH.Abdul activity of Mecca, he founded an organization named Majlisul Ilmi. With this vessel he actively fought Islamic teachings in the development of broadcasting. A year later (1912) KH.Abdul Halim refine Majlisul Ilmi into a larger organization with the name Hayatul Qulub whose activities are in addition to working to improve the quality of education also encourages people's economic activities, especially in facing the competition of foreign businessmen who dominate the market also against Dutch oppression against the people who squeezetheir labor. Hayatul Qulub printing company pioneered the establishment, construction, weaving factory and agricultural development efforts. An interesting thing is the application of system ownership shares perusahaanbagi teachers are actively teaching. In the field of social, KH.Abdul Halim founded an orphanage Fatimiyah.Organisasi Hayatul Qulub not very long since closed by the Dutch government to disturb security reasons. However, Halim KH.Abdul stay persistent and never give up the activities of struggle remain berjalan.Baru in 1916 stood as the engagement Oelama organization (PO) as a substitute Hayatul Qulub. 1924 engagements Oelama growing and almost reaching to all parts of Java and Madura. IN 1939, socio-educational organization has reached almost all regions Indonesia.Salah one activity that stands out is a program of aid to students by establishing I'anatul Muta'allimin. Between the years 1917-1920 have been built 40 Madrasah, mostly in Java, with modern teaching methods, which at that time opposition from various parties. In IX Congress of the PO, KH.Abdul Halim create ideas to build a cabin boarding school, where students learn not only religion but also trained in various crafts and skills. This idea received a positive response that ultimately stand boarding school known as Santi Asromo.


Title of National Hero
Title of national hero was given to Abdul Halim coincide on Heroes' Day commemoration on 10 November 2008. This decision was conveyed by Minister of Communications and Information United Indonesia Cabinet, Muhammad Nuh on November 2, 2008 in Jakarta based on Presidential Decree No. / TK/2008 (6 November 2008).

Achmad Soebardjo

Mr. Raden Achmad Soebardjo Djojoadisoerjo (born in Karawang, West Java, 23 Maret1896 - died December 15, 1978 at age 82 years) is Indonesia's independence hero, diplomat, and a National Hero of Indonesia. He adalahMenteri Foreign Affairs of Indonesia's first. Achmad Soebardjo holds Meester in de Rechten, obtained at Leiden University in The Netherlands in 1933. 

Achmad Soebardjo was born in Bay Jambe, Karawang, West Java, dated March 23, 1896. His father was Teuku Muhammad Yusuf, still the royal line of Pidie Aceh. Ahmad's grandfather paternal Soebardjo are scholars in the region, while Justin Joseph is a civil servant with the rank of Police in the Gulf region Mantri Jambe, filigree. Ahmad's mother named Wardinah Soebardjo. He Javanese-Bugis descent, and is the son of the Head in Telukagung, Cirebon.
Beginning
His father initially gave him the name of Justin Abdul Manaf, while his mother gave him the name of Ahmad Subardjo.Djojoadisoerjo added his own name as an adult, when he was detained in prison Ponorogo because "event July 3, 1946". He went to Burger Hogere School, Jakarta (currently equivalent to High School) in 1917. He then continued his education at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands and obtained a diploma Meester in de Rechten (currently equivalent to a Bachelor of Law) in the field of legislation in 1933. History of struggles
While still a student, Soebardjo active in fighting for the independence of Indonesia through several organizations such as Jong Java and the Indonesian Students Association in the Netherlands. In February 1927, he became the representative of Indonesia along with Mohammad Hatta and experts Indonesia movements in the trial between nations "League Against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression" the first diBrussels and later in Germany. In the first trial was also Jawaharlal Nehru and the nationalist leaders, famous from Asia and Africa. When the return to Indonesia, he was active as a member of the Board of Inquiry Business Preparation of Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI). And on August 17, 1945, Soebardjo sworn in as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Presidential Cabinet, Indonesia's first cabinet, and again served as Minister of Foreign Affairs once again in the year 1951 to 1952. In addition, he also became BesarRepublik Indonesian Ambassador in Switzerland between the years 1957 to 1961. In the field of education, Sebardjo is professor of history of institutionalization and Diplomacy of the Republic of Indonesia in the Faculty of Literature, University of Indonesia. Death
Ahmad Subardjo Djoyoadisuryo died at the age of 82 at the Pertamina Hospital, Kebayoran Baru, due to flu complications.He is buried in home peristirahatnya in Cipayung, Bogor. The government lifted the deceased as a National Hero in 2009.

Adam Malik

Adam Malik Coal (born in Pematangsiantar, North Sumatra, July 22, 1917 - died in Bandung, West Java, 5 September 1984 at age 67 years) is a former MenteriIndonesia in several departments, among others,he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He also became the thirdVice President of Indonesia.

Career

His career started as a journalist and prominent nationalist movement that he does autodidact. In his youth, he has been actively involved national movement fighting for the independence of Indonesia. His desire to get ahead and devotion to nation encouraged him to go wander into Jakarta.Kemudian he founded the Antara news agency that later became the National News Agency. He set up a joint Between Albert Manumpak, Sipahoetar, Pandoe Kartawigoena, Sugondo Djojopoespito, and Mr. Soemanang. based on JI. North Heading 53 Pasar Baru, Central Jakarta. As a director appointed Soegondo Djojopoespito, and Adam Malik served concurrently Deputy Director Editor. With a capital of one old desk, an old typewriter, and one old roneo machine, they are supplying news to various national newspapers. Previously, he had often written, among others, in newspapers and magazines Pelita Andalas Partindo.Pada years 1934-1935, he led the Party of Indonesia (Partindo) Siantar and Medan. In the years 1940-1941 a member of the Executive Board of the Indonesian People's Movement (Gerindo) in Jakarta. In 1945, a member of Youth Leadership Movement in preparation for the Independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. In the Japanese occupation, he is also active in the guerrilla movement fighting for independence youth. Ahead of August 17, 1945, along Sukarni, Chaerul Saleh, and Wikana, he never brought Bung Karno and Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence Rengasdengklok for. For the sake of supporting the leadership of Soekarno-Hatta, he moved the people gathered in the field Ikada, Jakarta.Representing the youth group, Adam Malik as the head of Van Action Committee, was elected as Chairman of the Central Indonesian National Committee III (1945-1947) in charge of preparing the composition of government. In addition, Adam Malik is the founder and member of the People's Party, the founder of Murba Party, and MPs. 1945-1946 a member of the National Union of Struggle in Yogyakarta. His career increasingly uphill when it became Chairman of the Central Indonesian National Committee II (KNIP), as well as concurrently as a member of the Working Committee KNIP. In 1946, he founded the People's Party, once a member. 1948-1956, he became a member and Executive Board Murba Party. In 1956, he was able to assume office as a member of the House of Representatives (DPR-RI) who was born of the election results.His career in the international form when appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the state of the Soviet Union and the Polish state. In 1962, he became Chairman of the Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia Indonesia for talks with the Dutch on the territory of West Irian in Washington DC, USA.The later introduction meeting produced agreement on West Irian. In September 1962, he became a member of the Supervisory Board of the Institute at the institution he founded, the national Antara news agency. In 1963, he first entered the ranks of the cabinet, the Cabinet named Working Cabinet as Minister of Commerce as well as serving as the Deputy Commander of Operation Command-I to Highest Economic Operation (KOTOE). During the strengthening influence of the Communist Party of Indonesia, Adam Malik with Roeslan Abdulgani and General Nasution regarded as enemies of the PKI and labeled as a trio of right-wing counter-revolution.When a change of regime the Old Order, Adam Malik opposite position with the left actually even his favor. In 1966, Adam was mentioned in a new trio of Suharto-Sultan-Malik. In the same year, on television, he quit the party since the founding Murba Murba Party, which opposes the entry of foreign capital. Four years later, he joined Golkar. In 1964, he expanded responsibilities as Chairman of the Delegation to the Commission on Trade and Development at the United Nations.In 1966, the more glorious career while serving as Second Deputy Prime Minister (Deputy Premier II) as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in the cabinet Dwikora II.Pure career as Foreign Minister in the cabinet Ampera I started in 1966. In 1967, he again took office in the cabinet of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Ampera II. In 1968, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet Development I, and in 1973 again took office as Secretary of State for the last time in Second Development Cabinet. In 1971, he had led the UN General Assembly to-26 as Chairman. Career highs achieved when successfully taking office as the Vice President who shall be appointed by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) in 1978. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the second long enough to be trusted to perform this action after Dr. Soebandrio. As Minister of Foreign Affairs in the New Order government, Adam Malik important role in various negotiations with other countries, including Indonesia's debt rescheduling relic of the Old Order. Together with Minister of Foreign Affairs of ASEAN countries, Adam Malik, pioneered the establishment of ASEAN in 1967.A few years after the vice president, he felt less able to contribute much. Understandably, he is accustomed to a lively and active suddenly only plays once in a while inaugurating the project and opened the seminar. Then on several occasions he expressed his unhappiness about feudalism adopted a national leader. He menganalogikannya like gentlemen gardener.As a diplomat, journalist and even bureaucrats, he often says "all can be arranged". As a diplomat he was known to always have 1001 answers to all sorts of questions and issues that confronted him. But the word "all can be arranged" as well as the burst was also criticism that the country "can all be set" with money.After devoting himself for the sake of nation and country, H. Adam Malik died in Jakarta on 5 September 1984 due to liver cancer. Later, his wife and children to perpetuate his name by founding the Museum Adam Malik. The government also provides a variety of honors. For the services he was, he was awarded various awards, including the Star Mahaputera kl. IV in 1971, Prime kl.II Adhi Star in 1973, and was appointed as a National Hero in 1998.

Adenan Kapau Gani

Adnan Kapau Dr. Gani is Named Complete. Adnan Kapau Gani(born in Palembayan, Agam, West Sumatera, 16 September 1905- died in Palembang, South Sumatra, December 23, 1968 at the age of 63 years) is a physician, Starring Indonesia and DeputyPrime Minister in The Government Amir Sjarifuddin.

Traces and Career A.K Gani

After graduating from STOVIA he has served as a member of theConstituent Indonesia when the institution was first established.Besides, he had also been a Governor of the South in the periodMiliterSumatera physical revolution against the Dutch Military Aggression and had also been a member of the delegation talksLinggarjati in 1946.
In the Indonesian Government, occupied the chair several timesGani minister. Gani debut began in Period III Sjahrir Cabinet as Minister of Economy. In the reign of Amir Sjarifuddin (July 3, 1947 - January 29, 1948), he served as deputy prime ministerand concurrently as Minister of Prosperity.
On 9 November 2007, the late Maj. Gen. Gani was awarded thetitle of national hero by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Alimin

Alimin bin Prawirodirdjo (Solo, 1889, Jakarta, June 24, 1964) was a prominent Indonesian independence movement and the communist leaders of Indonesia.
Since teens Alimin has been active in national movements. Hehad been a member of Budi Utomo, SI Islam, Insulinde, before joining the Communist Party and eventually became head of the organization. He also is cofounder SI Port Workers (formerlycalled Employee Ports and Marine SI).
In early 1926, as head of the PKI Alimin go to Singapore for talkswith Tan Malacca in order to prepare the insurrection. Butbefore Alimin home, the rebellion was erupt 12 November 1926. Alimin and Musso were arrested by British police.
After he got out of prison, Alimin go to Moscow and joined theComintern. Alimin not there long because it met with Ho ChiMinh City and invited to Canton (Guangzhou). At that time hewas involved in illegal to educate cadres of communists inVietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to fight the invaders and wonindependence from colonial France.
When the Japanese aggression against China, Alimin go to the base area in Yenan resistance and join the red army in there. Hereturned to Indonesia in 1946, after the Republic of Indonesiawas proclaimed.
When DN Aidit legally re-establish the Communist Party in the early 1950s and later became chairman of its central committee,Alimin including communists who do not figure in his heed.However Alimin much visited by his followers until his death in1964.

Andi Sultan Daeng Radja

Haji Andi Sultan Daeng Radja (Born in Matekko, Gantarang, May 20, 1894 - died at the Hospital Pelamonia Makassar, South Sulawesi, May 17, 1963 at age 68 years) was a prominent Indonesian independence and national hero of South Sulawesi. He is the son of the first pair Passari Petta Tanra Karaeng Ninong Gantarang and Andi. As a young man, Sultan Daeng Radja known for devout worship and active in Muhamamadiyah. He is the founder of the Old Mosque in Ponre which in its time the largest in South Sulawesi. 
In 1902, Sultan Daeng Radja Volksschool school (elementary school) three years in Bulukumba. Graduated from Volksschool, he continued his education to Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) in Bantaeng. Completed his education in the ELS, Sultan Daeng Radja continued his education at the School Voor Opleiding Inlandsche Ambtenaren (OSVIA) in Makassar. After completing his education at OSVIA in 1913, Sultan Daeng Radja who was then, still aged 20 years was appointed clerk of government offices Onder Afdeeling Makassar. Bebeberapa months later, he was appointed as a candidate attorney and conjunct in tHiS of Justitie Makassar. Dated January 7, 1915 Eurp Klerk was appointed to the Office of the Assistant Resident in Pompanua Bone. Subsequently, he moved again to the Office Controleur Sinjai as Klerk. From Sinjai Takalar and gets assigned to a post as deputy head of the tax. Subsequently assigned to the position of head tax Enrekang. In 1918, he was assigned as Inlandsche Besteur Asistant at Campalagian, Mandar. April 2, 1921, the government issued a decree lifting the Sultan Daeng Radja became acting District Hadat Gantarang replace Andy Malette Mappamadeng Daeng who resigned because he could not work anymore with the Dutch colonial government.Andi Mappamadeng resignation until now still a controversy, because Andy Malette Mappamadeng Daeng is a cousin of one of Sultan Daeng Radja. At the same time, Sultan Daeng Radja won the trust became an employee at the office of District Court (Landraad) Bulukumba. The return of Andi Sultan Daeng Radja to Bulukumba, pushing Gantarang Hadat Council (Indigenous Duapulua) held a meeting to choose candidates for the head of customs. The meeting then decided Andi Sultan Daeng Radja become Regen (Kepala Adat) Gantarang. This position is entrusted to the Dutch government expressed its recognition of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. In 1930, Andi Sultan Daeng Radja was honored to be Attorney at Landraad Bulukumba. After the proclamation of Independence August 17, 1945, the government accuses NICA Andi Sultan Daeng Radja involved in the struggle to maintain the independence of Indonesia so that he no longer used as a government. NICA later arrested and exiled Sultan Daeng Radja to Manado, North Sulawesi. Dated January 8, 1950, after the Round Table Conference (RTC) and the recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesia by the Dutch government to, Sultan Daeng Radja later released by the Netherlands and back to Bulukumba. On July 1, 1950 Andi Sultan Daeng Radja resigned his position as Chief of Adat Gantarang and was succeeded by his son Sultan Andi Andi Sappewali. After retiring from his position as Head of Indigenous Gantarang, Minister of the Interior pursuant to the Decree dated June 11, 1951 appointed him as regent in the office of Governor of South Sulawesi. April 4, 1955, he was assigned as the Regional District Bantaeng and appointed civil servants remain. In 1956, Sultan Daeng Radja was appointed Governor of South Sulawesi resident conjunct the corresponding presidential decree. A year later he was appointed Member of the Constituent Assembly. Andi Sultan Daeng Radja died on May 17, 1963 in Makassar Pelamonia Hospital at the age of 70 years. During his life, Andi Sultan Daeng Radja has four wives and 13 children.

History of Struggle Andi Sultan Daeng Radja

Andi Sultan Daeng Radja struggle against Dutch colonial rule began since I was a student at the School Voor Opdeling Indlandsche Ambtenar (OSVIA) in Makassar. Dislikes Sultan Daeng Radja against the colonial government was triggered by the tyranny and oppression of the Dutch government against the people of Bulukumba. Zeal to defend the people and nation of Indonesia imprinted in the soul of the Sultan Daeng Radja, the flared when he was actively following the development and growth of national organizations that emerged in Java. As Budi Utomo and the Trade Unions which was founded as a container Islamic struggle against Dutch colonial rule. Sultan Daeng Radja spirit to liberate his people from colonialism, making him secretly followed the youth congress Indonesia October 28, 1928, known as the Youth Pledge. After following this congress, the Sultan Daeng Radja's determination to expel the burning of the Dutch colonial Indonesia. Together with Dr. Pangerang Pettarani Ratulangi and Andi, Andi Sultan Daeng Radja was sent as a representative of South Sulawesi, attending a meeting of the Preparatory Committee of Indonesian Independence (PPKI) in Jakarta. PPKI is an entity that works to prepare the independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945. PPKI after attending a meeting, the Sultan Daeng Radja, stormed back to Bulukumba to brief their people about the results of the meeting PPKI and plans in order to follow up persitiwa historic independence of Indonesia. The news of independence of Indonesia presented the Sultan Daeng Radja, compassion and joy greeted by the entire people of Bulukumba. End of August 1945, Sultan Daeng Radja proposed the establishment of organizations of the National Unity Movement of Indonesia (PPNI). This organization, led by Andi Panamun and Abdul Karim. PPNI formed as a container to collect the youth in order to secure and defend the State of Indonesia. A few days after the independence of Indonesia August 17, 1945, allied forces landed in Indonesia, including in Bulukumba. The presence of allied forces, Ridden by Dutch soldiers equipped with the civilian government called the Nederlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA). The presence of NICA as well as the presence of Japanese troops, wanted to colonize Indonesia. Andi lunge Sultan Daeng Radja before Indonesia's independence and after independence in fighting for the independence of Indonesia, was alarmed NICA. Moreover, the Sultan Daeng Radja said it was not willing to cooperate with NICA. Dated December 2, 1945 NICA Andi Sultan Daeng Radja arrested at his residence, Kampung Kasuara, Gantarang. Andi Sultan Daeng Radja then taken to Makassar to hold.Colonial government hoped the arrest of Sultan Daeng Radja will turn off people's resistance Bulukumba. But the opposite happened. His arrest aroused the people's resistance against NICA Bulukumba. The fighters Bulukumba, then formed an armed resistance organization called the Warriors of the People's Army rebels Bulukumba (PBAR) led by Andi Shamsuddin. In organizations PBAR, Andi Sultan Daeng Radja seated as the Great Father.Although imprisoned, all activities are monitored by PBAR Sultan Daeng Radja. Through a family visit, the Sultan Daeng Radja gave orders to Laskar PBAR. After five years in prison in Makassar, on March 17, 1949, the colonial court and then prosecuting and sentencing Sultan Daeng Radja with the punishment of exile to Manado, North Sulawesi until January 8, 1950. Andi Sultan Daeng Radja struggle against colonialism in Indonesia, finally received high awards from the Government of Indonesia. Based on Presidential Decree No. 085/TK/Tahun 2006 dated November 3, 2006, the President conferred the title of National Hero and Star Signs Honor Mahaputera Adipradana to Andi Sultan Daeng Radja, at the State Palace on November 9, 2006.

Djoeanda Kartawidjaja

Ir. R. Djoeanda Kartawidjaja (New spelling: Juanda Kartawijaya) was born in Tasikmalaya, West Java, January 14, 1911 - died in Jakarta, 7 November 1963 at the age of 52 years adalahPerdana Minister of Indonesia to the 10th and last. He served from 9 April 1957hingga July 9, 1959.After that he served as Finance Minister in Cabinet Work I. 
Greatest contribution in his tenure is Djuanda Declaration of 1957 which states that Indonesia is the sea, including sea around, between and within the Indonesian archipelago into a single unit or area known as the Unitary Republic of Indonesia as an archipelago in the law of the sea convention of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) [1]. His name is immortalized as the name of the airport in Surabaya, East Java, namely Juanda Airport for his services in promoting the construction of the airfield so that it can be done. It is also enshrined for forest botanical name in Bandungyaitu Forest Park Ir. H. Djuanda, in this park are the Museum and Monument Ir. H.Djuanda. Juanda Jakarta died on 7 November 1963 because of heart attack and was buried in the TMP Kalibata, Jakarta. Based on Presidential Decree No.244/1963 Ir. H. Djuanda Kartawidjaja appointed as a national figure / hero of national independence.

Background and Education

Ir. H. Juanda was born in Tasikmalaya, 14 January 1911, thecouple's first child and Nyi Raden Kartawidjaja Monat, his father was a teacher at Hollandsch Inlansdsch Mantri School (HIS).Completed primary school education in his school and thenmoved to Europe for young people Europesche Lagere School(ELS), graduating in 1924. Furthermore, by his father put intospecial secondary schools of the Europeans is Hogere Burger School (HBS) in Bandung, and graduated in 1929. In the same year he entered the School of Engineering (Technische HoogeSchool) now Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) in Bandung,majoring in civil engineering and graduated in 1933. During his youth Djuanda active only in non-political organization and a member of the Society of Pasundan Muhamadiyah, and once thehead of Muhammadiyah schools. Lived next career employee of the Department of Public Works as a province of West Java,Dutch East Indies since 1939.

Struggle

Ir. H. Djuanda a state servants and public servants. He was an exemplary public servant. Career in various positions of service to the state and nation. Since graduating from the Technische Hogeschool (1933) he chose to serve in the community. He chose to teach in high school in Jakarta Muhammadiyah with modest salaries. In fact, at that time he was offered a teaching assistant at the Technische Hogeschool with higher salaries.After four years teaching in high school Muhammadiyah Jakarta, in 1937, serving in government service Djuanda Jawaatan Irrigation in West Java. In addition, he is also active as a member of the Regional Council of Jakarta.After the proclamation of August 17, 1945, precisely on 28 September 1945, Juanda leads the youths took over the Railway Bureau of Japan. Followed takeover Bureau of Mines, Township, residency and military objects in the Warehouse North Bandung.Then the government of Indonesia raised Djuanda as Head of the Railway Bureau in Java and Madura. After that, he was appointed as Minister of Transportation. He also had served as Minister of Water, Wealth, Finance and Defence. Several times he led the negotiations with the Dutch. Among the RTC talks, he acts as Chairman of the Committee for Economic and Financial Delegation of Indonesia. In talks this RTC, the Dutch government recognized the sovereignty of Indonesia.Juanda had captured the Dutch army at the Military Aggression II dated December 19, 1948. He was persuaded to willingly participate in the government of the State Pasundan. But he refused.He was a man of the country and the people who work beyond the call duty. Able to face challenges and find the best solution for the sake of nation and country. The most strategic work of devotion is the Declaration Djuanda December 13, 1957.Ir. Djuanda by the press dubbed the 'minister marathon' because since the beginning of independence (1946) has served as undersecretary of transportation to become Prime Minister and Defense Minister (1957-1959) to become First Minister in the period of Guided Democracy (1959-1963). So from 1946 until his death in 1963, he served once as a young minister, 14 times as a minister, and once served the Prime Minister.She was a flexible leader. In some ways he sometimes disagreed with President Sukarno and other political figures.